Programming was once considered an activity reserved for some people of above-average talent and intelligence, elected by the gods of mathematics. This vision is changing, and the activity of programming is becoming more and more present, especially after the explosion of the Internet in general and the internet of things (IoT). This is largely thanks to programmable devices like Arduino, which offer us a development platform that makes programming so easy that even those who never thought they could do so can succeed.And the purpose of this book (The Realms Of Arduino Programming) is precisely to open the door by introducing in a didactic way this powerful programming tool that is, at once, useful, beautiful, fun, and powerful.This book is part of a series of Arduino, and the study is done gradually, in increasing order of complexity. The first book focuses on presenting Arduino as a concept and development platform, teaching you how to install and test the system. It shows the basic components used for prototyping, gives a detailed description of the IDE features, and explains the concepts needed to understand the process of programming, as well as transferring the program from the programming environment to Arduino memory, concluding with a hands-on experiment using a protoboard and a led.The text is written in simple language to make it accessible, and every effort has been made to clarify the concepts indispensable for perfect understanding of the process of programming a microcontroller, making it useful to the widest possible audience and thus preparing the foundation that serves as a starting point for further study and the basis for what will follow in the other two volumes that continue the series.

Xcos is a very powerful and open source block-based modeling and simulation system for dynamical systems. Its capabilities are comparable to commercially available block-based modeling and simulation tools, including Simulink®, one of the most popular commercial tool. Xcos is useful for modeling continuous and discrete dynamical systems. Further, it provides facilities to seamlessly integrate continuous and discrete components in a single model, making it capable to handle hybrid dynamical systems. Xcos provides a modular approach to model complex dynamical systems using a block diagram editor. Xcos contains a rich library of commonly used blocks, arranged in various palettes for the convenience of searching them, for elementary operations needed to construct models of many dynamical systems. These blocks can be dragged and dropped into the model editor to create a simulation model. For advanced users, Xcos provides facilities to create new blocks and to create their own libraries to further extend the capabilities of Xcos. Since Xcos is available free of cost to everyone across the globe and is continuously upgraded by a strong team of open source developers, it is suitable for all undergraduate students, researchers, professors and professionals in any field of Science and Engineering. Further, many commercial developers are also using it to reduce their project cost and has reported many successful applications.Starting from the basic concepts, the book gradually builds advanced concepts, making it suitable for freshmen and professionals.